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Adding vertical text Vector Drawing Techniques 1. About bitmap images and vector graphics 2. About paths and the Pen tool 3. Getting started 4. Drawing a shape with the Pen tool 5. Drawing a path traced from a photo 6.

Converting a path to a selection and a layer mask 7. Creating a logo with text and a custom shape Advanced Compositing 1. Arranging layers 3. Using Smart Filters 4. Painting a layer 5. Adding a background 6.

Using the History panel to undo edits 7. Upscaling a low-resolution image Painting with the Mixer Brush 1. About the Mixer Brush 2. Selecting brush settings 4. Mixing colors 5. Mixing colors with a photograph 6. Painting and mixing colors with brush presets Editing Video 1.

About the Timeline panel 3. Creating a new video project 4. Animating text with keyframes 5. Creating effects 6. Adding transitions 7. Adding audio 8.

Muting unwanted audio 9. Rendering video Working with Camera Raw 1. About camera raw files 3. Processing files in Camera Raw 4. Applying advanced color correction Preparing Files for the Web 1. Creating placeholders with the Frame tool 3. Using layer groups to create button graphics 4.

Automating a multistep task 5. Designing with artboards Producing and Printing Consistent Color 1. Preparing files for printing 2. About color management 5. Specifying color-management settings 6. Identifying out-of-gamut colors 7.

Proofing document colors on a monitor 8. Bringing colors into the output gamut 9. Converting an image to CMYK Printing 3D Files 1. Understanding the 3D environment 3. Positioning 3D elements 4. Printing a 3D file Appendices Index 1.

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Photoshop gives you the digital editing tools you need to transform images more easily than ever before. The lessons are designed to let you learn at your own pace. You can follow the book from start to finish, or do only the lessons that match your interests and needs. This edition is also chock-full of extra information on Photoshop features and how to work effectively with this robust and professional application.

Make sure that you know how to use the mouse and standard menus and commands, and also how to open, save, and close files. You must license the Adobe Photoshop software separately. For system requirements and complete instructions on installing the software, visit helpx. Many of the lessons in this book use Adobe Bridge. You must install Photoshop and Bridge on your computer using the Adobe Creative Cloud desktop application, available at adobe.

Follow the onscreen instructions. These include: Lesson files To work through the projects in this book, you will need to download the lesson files by following the instructions below.

Web Edition The Web Edition is an online interactive version of the book providing an enhanced learning experience. Your Web Edition can be accessed from any device with a connection to the Internet and it contains: The complete text of the book Hours of instructional video keyed to the text Interactive quizzes Accessing the lesson files and Web Edition You must register your purchase on adobepress. Answer the question as proof of purchase.

The lesson files can be accessed from the Registered Products tab on your Account page. Click the lesson file link s to download them to your computer. Click the Launch link to access the product. Each time you quit Adobe Photoshop, the positions of the panels and certain command settings are recorded in the preferences file.

Any selections you make in the Preferences dialog box are also saved in the preferences file. To ensure that what you see onscreen matches the images and instructions in this book, you should restore the default preferences as you begin each lesson.

If you prefer to preserve your preferences, be aware that the tools, panels, and other settings in Photoshop may not match those described in this book. If you have customized your color settings, use the following procedure to save them as a preset before you start work in this book.

When you want to restore your color settings, you can simply select the preset you created. To save your current color settings: 1. Start Adobe Photoshop. Note what is selected in the Settings menu: 1. If it is anything other than Custom, write down the name of the settings file, and click OK to close the dialog box. You do not need to perform steps 4—6 of this procedure.

The Save dialog box opens. The default location is the Settings folder, which is where you want to save your file. The default filename extension is. In the File Name field Windows or Save As field Mac , type a descriptive name for your color settings, preserving the.

Then click Save. In the Color Settings Comment dialog box, type any descriptive text that will help you identify the color settings later, such as the date, specific settings, or your workgroup. To restore your color settings: 1.

From the Settings menu in the Color Settings dialog box, choose the settings file you noted or saved in the previous procedure, and click OK. Only the commands and options used in the lessons are explained in this book. For comprehensive information about program features and tutorials, refer to these resources: Adobe Photoshop Help and Support: helpx. Home screen: In Photoshop, the top of the Home screen may suggest tutorials.

Photoshop tutorials: helpx. Photoshop blog: theblog. Adobe Support Community: community. Adobe Photoshop product home page: adobe. Resources for educators: adobe. Find solutions for education at all levels, including free curricula that use an integrated approach to teaching Adobe software and can be used to prepare for the Adobe Certified Associate exams. A directory of AATCs is available at learning. Select and use tools in the Tools panel.

Set options for a selected tool using the options bar. Use various methods to zoom in to and out from an image. Select, rearrange, and use panels.

Choose commands in panel and context menus. Open and use a panel in the panel dock. Undo actions to correct mistakes or to make different choices. This lesson will take about an hour to complete. To get the lesson files used in this chapter, download them from the web page for this book at www. If you need to restore the start files, download them from your Account page. To make the best use of the extensive editing capabilities in Photoshop, you must first learn to navigate the work area.

You can also add commands and filters to the menus by installing third-party software known as plug-ins. In Photoshop, you primarily work with bitmapped digital images: continuous-tone images that have been converted into a series of small squares, or picture elements, called pixels.

You can also work with vector graphics, which are drawings made of smooth lines that retain their crispness when scaled. When prompted, click Yes to confirm that you want to delete the Adobe Photoshop Settings file. The Home screen appears as shown in the following illustration. Exit to Photoshop B. Home screen content and recently opened local documents C. Learn tutorials D. Lightroom cloud photos E. Cloud documents F. Deleted Cloud documents G.

Create new document H. Open document I. Search J. Creative Cloud profile Tip To skip past the Home screen and go straight to the Photoshop application workspace, click the Photoshop icon in the upper left corner. On the left you see a list of view options, divided into upper and lower sections. In the upper section: Home helps you use and learn about the current version, and includes a tour.

When you upgrade to a new version of Photoshop, the Home screen may include information about new features and changes. Learn presents links to a range of tutorials that open in Photoshop, where the Learn panel leads you through the steps for each lesson using actual Photoshop controls.

Cloud Documents lists any Photoshop document stored in Adobe Cloud Documents, including those you saved to Cloud Documents from other devices. Tip To manage files in the Deleted list, click the ellipsis … button next to a file, and choose Restore or Permanently Delete When you click the Search icon in the upper right corner and enter text, Photoshop looks for matching content in the Learn tutorials about Photoshop, and in Adobe Stock images.

When a document is open, the Search icon can also find specific commands and tools in Photoshop, and can find content in your cloud-synced Lightroom images. You can return to the Home screen by clicking the Home icon in the upper left corner of the application window. Open a document Photoshop provides a number of ways to open documents.

Tip If you drag and drop a compatible file anywhere on the Home screen, Photoshop will open it. If a dialog box appears that says Cloud Documents at the top, click Your Computer at the bottom of the dialog box. Select the 01End. Click OK if the Embedded Profile Mismatch dialog box appears, and click No if a message about updating text layers appears. The 01End. The end files in this book show you what you are creating in each project. Menu bar B. Options bar C. Exit to Home screen D.

Tools panel E. In-app search F. Workspaces menu G. Share an Image button H. Panel Note This illustration shows the Mac version of Photoshop. The arrangement is similar on Windows, but operating system styles may vary. The default workspace in Photoshop consists of the menu bar and options bar at the top of the screen, the Tools panel on the left, and several open panels in the panel dock on the right.

When you have documents open, one or more image windows also appear, and you can display them at the same time using the tabbed interface. There is one main difference between the Photoshop work area on Windows and that on the Mac: Windows always presents Photoshop in a contained window.

On the Mac, you can choose whether to work with an application frame, which contains the Photoshop document windows and panels within a frame that is distinct from other applications you may have open; only the menu bar is outside the application frame.

Tip When you open multiple documents in Photoshop, each is identified by a tab at the top of its document windows, similar to the tabbed windows in a web browser.

The filename is added to the Recent list on the Home screen. Every lesson will introduce you to more tools and ways to use them. It contains selection tools, painting and editing tools, foreground- and background-color selection boxes, and viewing tools. The 01Start. Tip You can customize the Tools panel by arranging, removing, and adding tools.

To do this, hold down the Edit Toolbar icon that appears after the Zoom tool, and choose Edit Toolbar. Click the double arrows just above the Tools panel to toggle to a doublecolumn view. Click the double arrows again to return to a single-column Tools panel and use your screen space more efficiently. Examine the status bar at the bottom of the work area Windows or image window Mac , and notice the percentage that appears on the far left.

This represents the current enlargement view of the image, or zoom level. Move the pointer over the Tools panel, and hover it over the magnifyingglass icon until a tool tip appears. Tip To select the Zoom tool using a keyboard shortcut, press the Z key. Tool shortcuts are single-key do not press modifier keys such as Ctrl or Command.

Click the Zoom tool icon in the Tools panel to select it. Move the pointer over the image window. The pointer now looks like a tiny magnifying glass with a plus sign in the center of the glass. Click anywhere in the image window. The image enlarges to a preset percentage level, which replaces the previous value in the status bar.

Hold down the Alt key Windows or Option key Mac so that the Zoom tool pointer appears with a minus sign in the center of the magnifying glass , and then click anywhere in the image. Then release the Alt or Option key. Note You can use other methods to zoom in and out. For example, when the Zoom tool is selected, you can select the Zoom In or Zoom Out mode on the options bar. Or, you can type a new percentage in the status bar and press Enter or Return. Now the view zooms out to a lower preset magnification, so that you can see more of the image, but in less detail.

If Scrubby Zoom is selected in the options bar, click anywhere on the image and drag the Zoom tool to the right.

The image enlarges. Drag the Zoom tool to the left to zoom out. Then, using the Zoom tool, drag a rectangle to enclose part of the rose blossom. The image enlarges so that the area you enclosed in your rectangle now fills the entire image window.

Click Fit Screen in the options bar to see the entire image again. You have used the Zoom tool in four different ways to change the magnification in the image window: clicking, holding down a keyboard modifier while clicking, dragging to zoom in and out, and dragging to define a magnification area.

Many of the other tools in the Tools panel can be used with keyboard combinations and options as well. Zooming and scrolling with the Navigator panel The Navigator panel is another speedy way to make large changes in the zoom level, especially when the exact percentage of magnification is unimportant.

The slider under the image thumbnail in the Navigator panel enlarges the image when you drag to the right toward the large mountain icon and reduces it when you drag to the left. The red rectangular outline represents the area of the image that appears in the image window. When you zoom in far enough that the image window shows only part of the image, you can drag the red outline around the thumbnail area to see other areas of the image. In the Layers panel, on the right side of the workspace, make sure the Rose layer is selected.

In the Properties panel, move the Brightness slider to 98 and the Contrast slider to The image of the rose brightens. There is no right or wrong setting; the values you should use depend on the results you want. Adjustment layers let you make changes to your image, such as adjusting the brightness of the rose, without permanently altering the actual pixels.

Layering is one of the fundamental and most powerful features in Photoshop. Photoshop includes many kinds of layers, some of which contain images, text, or solid colors, and others that simply interact with layers below them. Double-click the Properties panel tab to collapse it. Saving the file with a different name ensures that the original file 01Start. That way, you can return to it if you want to start over.

Your image is bright and punchy and ready for a birthday card. Photoshop uses a foreground color and background color when you paint on a layer. By default, the foreground color is black and the background color is white. You can change the foreground and background colors in several ways. One way is to use the Eyedropper tool to sample a color from the image.

Note When a layer mask is selected, the default foreground color is white and the default background color is black. In the Layers panel, click the Visibility column for the Ribbons layer to make the layer visible. When a layer is visible, an eye icon appears in that column.

Select the Eyedropper tool in the Tools panel. Click the blue area in the Happy Birthday ribbon to sample a blue color.

Note If you have trouble finding the Eyedropper tool, click the Search icon near the top right corner of the workspace, and type eyedropper.

Click Eyedropper Tool in the search results; the tool will be selected in the Tools panel for you. The foreground color changes in the Tools panel and the Color panel. Anything you draw will be this color until you change the foreground color again. Setting the unit of measure You can change the unit of measure you use to work in Photoshop. Using context menus Context menus contain commands and options appropriate to specific elements in the work area.

Usually, the commands on a context menu are also available in the menu bar or panel menus, but using the context menu is more immediate and can save time. Change the view as needed zoom or scroll so that you can clearly see the lower third of the card. Select the Rectangular Marquee tool in the Tools panel. The Rectangular Marquee tool selects rectangular areas. Drag the Rectangular Marquee tool to create a selection about 0. See the illustration below.

As you drag the tool, Photoshop displays the width and height of the selected area. A selection border is indicated by a dashed line called a selection marquee also called marching ants , which is animated so that you can see it more easily.

Select the Brush tool in the Tools panel. In the image window, right-click Windows or Control-click Mac anywhere in the image to open the Brush tool context menu. Click the arrow next to the General Brushes folder to expand it, select the first brush Soft Round , and change the size to 65 pixels. Tip You can also close a context menu by clicking outside it. Press Enter or Return to close the context menu.

The selection is gone, but the blue bar remains on the Ribbons layer. Selecting and using a hidden tool To save space on your screen, the Tools panel arranges some of the tools in groups, with only one tool shown for each group. The other tools in the group are hidden behind that tool.

A small triangle in the lower right corner of a button is your clue that other tools are available but hidden under that tool. Position the pointer over the third tool from the top in the Tools panel until the tool tip appears.

The tool tip identifies the Lasso tool , with the keyboard shortcut L. Select the Polygonal Lasso tool , which is hidden behind the Lasso tool, using one of the following methods: 1.

Press and hold the mouse button over the Lasso tool to open the pop-up list of hidden tools, and select the Polygonal Lasso tool. Alt-click Windows or Option-click Mac the tool button in the Tools panel to cycle through the hidden tools until the Polygonal Lasso tool is selected. With the Lasso tool, you can draw free-form selections; the Polygonal Lasso tool makes it easier to draw straightedged sections of a selection border. Move the pointer over the left edge of the blue color bar that you just painted.

Click just to the left of the upper left corner of the bar to start your selection. You should begin your selection just outside the colored area. Click just to the left of the bottom left corner of the bar to create the second side of the triangle.

Click the point where you started to finish the triangle. Press the Delete key on your keyboard to delete the selected area from the colored bar, creating a notch for your ribbon. Note The Select menu contains Deselect and Deselect Layers commands; be mindful of which one you need to choose 8.

The ribbon is ready. Now you can add a name to your birthday card. In the Tools panel, select the Horizontal Type tool. The buttons and menus in the options bar now relate to the Type tool. In the options bar, select a font you like from the first pop-up menu. We used Minion Pro Italic, but you can use another font if you prefer.

Specify 32 pt for the font size. Alt-dragging Windows or Option-dragging Mac changes the values in smaller increments; Shift-dragging changes them in larger increments. You can specify 32 points by typing directly in the fontsize text box and pressing Enter or Return, or by scrubbing the font-size menu label see the tip in the margin.

You can also choose a standard font size from the font-size pop-up menu. We chose Pastel Yellow. Tip When you move the pointer over the swatches, it temporarily changes into an eyedropper. Position the tip of the eyedropper over the swatch you want, and click to select it. The color you select appears in two places: as the Foreground Color in the Tools panel and in the text color swatch in the options bar.

Click the Horizontal Type tool once anywhere on the left side of the colored bar. Type a name; we typed Elaine. It replaces the placeholder text. Click the check mark icon in the options bar to commit the text. Click the menu button on the Swatches panel to open the panel menu, and choose Small List. Tip If you want to select just some of the text in a layer, drag the Horizontal Type tool over a range of characters instead of double-clicking. With the Horizontal Type tool, double-click the text.

The text becomes selected. Tip After you select a different color swatch, you can see the change in the foreground color swatch in the Tools panel, and in the color swatch in the options bar for the Horizontal Type tool.

In the Swatches panel, scroll about halfway down the list to find the Light Yellow Orange swatch, and then select it. Tip You can also commit text edits by clicking outside the text layer. Click the check mark button to commit and deselect the text. Now the text appears in the orange color.

For the real world, Photoshop gives you the power to step back and undo actions so that you can try other options. You can experiment freely, knowing that you can reverse the process. Even beginning computer users quickly come to appreciate the familiar Undo command. The name returns to its previous color. Each time you use the Undo command it reverses one more step, so if you want to undo five steps, you can apply the Undo command or its keyboard shortcut five times.

The Redo command works the same way. Tip As you drag, magenta lines called Smart Guides may appear. They help align the edges of dragged content to other edges and guides. Save the file. Your birthday card is done! Rarely would you need to see all panels simultaneously. The complete list of panels appears in the Window menu. Check marks appear next to the names of the panels that are open and active in their panel groups.

You can open a closed panel or close an open one by selecting the panel name in the Window menu. Note When panels are hidden, a thin vertical strip is visible at the left or right edges of the application frame. Hover the pointer over the strip to temporarily reveal the panels docked along that edge. You can hide all panels at once—including the options bar and Tools panel—by pressing the Tab key. To reopen them, press Tab again. You already used panels in the panel dock when you used the Layers and Swatches panels.

You can drag panels to or from the panel dock. This is convenient for bulky panels or ones that you use only occasionally but want to keep handy. You can arrange panels in other ways as well: To move an entire panel group, drag the title bar to another location in the work area. To move a panel to another group, drag the panel tab into that panel group so that a blue highlight appears inside the group, and then release the mouse button.

To dock a panel or panel group, drag the title bar or panel tab onto the top of the dock. To undock a panel or panel group so that it becomes a floating panel or panel group, drag its title bar or panel tab away from the dock. Expanding and collapsing panels You can resize panels to use screen space more efficiently and to see fewer or more panel options, either by dragging or clicking to toggle between preset sizes: To collapse open panels to icons, click the double arrow in the title bar of the dock or panel group.

To expand a panel, click its icon or the double arrow. To change the height of a panel, drag its bottom edge. To change the width of a dock, position the pointer on the left edge of the dock until it becomes a double-headed arrow, and then drag to the left to widen the dock, or to the right to narrow it.

To resize a floating panel, move the pointer over the right, left, or bottom edge of the panel until it becomes a double-headed arrow, and then drag the edge in or out. You can also pull the lower right corner in or out.

Note Some panels cannot be resized, such as the Character and Paragraph panels, but you can still collapse them To collapse a panel group so that only the dock header bar and tabs are visible, double-click a panel tab or panel title bar.

Double-click again to restore it to the expanded view. You can open the panel menu even when the panel is collapsed. Notice that the tabs for the panels in the panel group and the button for the panel menu remain visible after you collapse a panel.

Special notes about the Tools panel and options bar The Tools panel and the options bar share some characteristics with other panels: You can drag the Tools panel by its title bar to a different location in the work area. You can move the options bar to another location by dragging the grab bar at the far left end of the panel.

You can hide the Tools panel and options bar. Tip To restore the default Essentials workspace, click the workspace icon at the top right corner of the application window, and choose Reset Essentials. You cannot resize the Tools panel or options bar. You cannot stack the Tools panel or options bar in the panel dock. The Tools panel and options bar do not have panel menus. Changing interface settings By default, the panels, dialog boxes, and background in Photoshop are dark.

You can lighten the interface or make other changes in the Photoshop Preferences dialog box: 1. Select a different color theme, or make other changes. When you select a different theme, you can see the changes immediately. You can also select specific colors for different screen modes and change other interface settings in this dialog box. You can also open a scanned image of a photographic print, a transparency or negative film frame, or a graphic. You can open images downloaded from the Internet such as photography from Adobe Stock, or images uploaded to your Cloud Documents or your Lightroom photos.

A selected tool remains active until you select a different tool. To select a hidden tool, either use a keyboard shortcut to toggle through the tools, or click and hold the tool in the Tools panel to open a pop-up menu of the hidden tools. You can also use keyboard shortcuts or the Navigator panel to control the display of an image. View and access files in Adobe Bridge. Straighten and crop an image. Adjust the tonal range of an image.

Use the Spot Healing Brush tool to repair part of an image. Use the content-aware Patch tool to remove or replace objects. Use the Clone Stamp tool to touch up areas. Remove digital artifacts from an image.

Apply the Smart Sharpen filter to finish retouching photos. This lesson steps you through the process of acquiring, resizing, and retouching a vintage photograph.

For many images, you may need only to change the resolution, lighten the image, or repair a minor blemish. For others, you may need to perform several tasks and employ more advanced tools and techniques. Note In this lesson, you retouch an image using Photoshop. For some images, such as those saved in camera raw format, it may be more efficient to work in Adobe Camera Raw, which is installed with Photoshop. In a basic workflow, adjusting resolution should be the first step, and sharpening should usually be your final step.

For the other tasks, consider your project and plan accordingly, so that the results of one process do not cause unintended changes to other aspects of the image. For example, if an image is intended for black-and-white publication on newsprint, you might make different cropping and sharpening choices than if the image is intended for a full-color web page.

Photoshop supports RGB color mode for web and mobile device authoring and desktop photo printing, CMYK color mode for preparing an image for printing using process colors, Grayscale mode for black-and-white printing, and other color modes for more specialized purposes. You can also use Photoshop to adjust image pixel dimensions or resolution.

In Photoshop, resolution is the pixels per inch value, not the pixel dimensions. In Photoshop, resolution means the number of pixels per unit of physical length, such as pixels per inch ppi. Does changing resolution affect file size?

Only when the pixel dimensions change. But if you change the size in inches without changing the ppi value or vice versa , the pixel dimensions must change, and so will the file size. Resolution requirements vary depending on the intended output. An image might be considered low resolution when its ppi value is below to ppi. Factors such as viewing distance and output technology influence the resolution our eyes actually perceive, and this affects resolution requirements too.

A ppi laptop display may appear to have the same high resolution as a ppi smartphone, because the laptop is viewed farther away. But ppi might not be enough resolution for a high-end printing press or fine art inkjet printer, which might reproduce the most detail at ppi and up.

Because of the way display and output technologies work, your images may not need to match the device resolution of high-resolution printers. For example, while some commercial printing platesetters and photoquality inkjet printers may have a device resolution of dots per inch dpi or more, the appropriate image resolution to send to those devices may be only to ppi for photos.

This is because the device dots are grouped into larger halftone cells or inkjet dot patterns that build tones and colors. Similarly, a ppi smartphone display may not necessarily require ppi images. Whatever your medium, you should verify the appropriate image resolution of your final images by consulting with your production team or output service provider.

You may make copies of these files and save them under different names or locations, or you may work from the original start files and then download them from the peachpit. After installation completes, you can start Bridge.

In Lesson 1, you used the Open command to open a file. Adobe Bridge opens, displaying a collection of panels, menus, and buttons. Select the Folders tab in the upper left corner, and then browse to the Lessons folder you downloaded onto your hard disk, so that the lessons in the Lessons folder appear in the Content panel.

Tip If the Favorites panel list and a folder you want to add to Favorites are both visible, you can drag the folder and drop it in the Favorites panel. You can even drag and drop to add a folder from your computer desktop to the Favorites panel. The Favorites panel lets you quickly access files, folders, applications, and other assets that you frequently use.

Click the Favorites tab to open the panel, and click the Lessons folder to open it. Then, in the Content panel, double-click the Lesson02 folder. Thumbnail previews of the folder contents appear in the Content panel.

Or, press the spacebar to see a full screen preview of the selected item. Compare the 02Start. To enlarge the thumbnails in the Content panel, drag the thumbnail slider at the bottom of the Bridge window to the right. In the 02Start. Double-click the 02Start. Choose Photoshop from the Format menu, and name the file 02Working.

This is useful if you think you might change your mind, because you can enlarge the crop area to reveal previously cropped areas. By default, cropping deletes cropped pixels. In the Tools panel, select the Crop tool. Crop handles appear, and a crop shield covers the area outside the cropping region, to help focus your attention on the cropped area.

Ratio is the default value. A crop overlay appears. Click the Straighten icon in the options bar. The pointer changes to the Straighten tool. Click at the top left corner of the photo, press the mouse button as you drag a straight line across the top edge of the photo, and then release. Photoshop straightens the image so that the line you drew is parallel with the top of the image area. You drew a line across the top of the photo, but any line that defines either the vertical or horizontal axis of the image will work.

If you want to crop with total freedom, click the Clear button in the Crop tool options bar. Drag the corners of the crop rectangle inward to crop out the white border. If you need to adjust the position of the photo inside the crop, position the pointer within the crop rectangle and drag the photo. Press Enter or Return to accept the crop. The image is now cropped, straightened, sized, and positioned according to the Crop tool options you used.

It can also automatically separate multiple photos scanned in one image. If the image dimensions are not already displayed in the status area at the bottom of the application window, click the arrow there and choose Document Dimensions from the pop-up menu that appears.

In the Adjustments panel, click the Curves icon first row, third button. This adds a Curves adjustment layer. Select the White Point tool on the left side of the Properties panel. The White Point tool defines what color value should be made a neutral white. Once defined, all other colors and tones shift accordingly. When done correctly, this is a quick way to remove a color cast and correct image brightness. To set an accurate white point, click an area of the image that should be the brightest neutral area of the image that contains detail — not a blown-out area like the sun or a lamp, and not a specular highlight such as a reflection of sunlight on chrome.

Clicking it removes the color cast and lightens it, dramatically improving image contrast and color. Typically, Curves is used for edits that are more specialized or complex.

In the Adjustments panel if needed, click its tab to make it visible , click the Levels icon first row, second button to add a Levels adjustment layer. The Levels histogram in the Properties panel displays the range of dark and light values in the image. Right now, you just need to know that the left triangle represents the black point the tonal level you want to set as the darkest in the image , the right triangle represents the white point the tonal level you want to set as the lightest in the image , and the middle triangle represents the midtones.

Drag the left triangle black point under the histogram to the right, where significant shadow tones start to appear. Our value was Drag the middle triangle a little to the right to adjust the midtones. Our value was. Flattening an image merges all of its layers into the Background layer, which reduces the file size; you can still make changes to the entire image. But flatten only if you no longer need the flexibility of adjusting the edits you previously made using separate layers.

The adjustment layers merge with the Background layer. He teaches workshops internationally as well as online on the care and identification of photographs. Find out more at gawainweaver. Real-world photo restoration The tools in Photoshop make restoration of old or damaged photographs seem like magic, giving virtually anyone the power to scan, retouch, print, and frame their photo collections.

However, when dealing with works by famous artists, museums, galleries, and collectors need to preserve original objects to the greatest degree possible despite deterioration or accidental damage. Professional art conservators are called upon to clean dust and soiling from print surfaces, remove discoloration and staining, repair tears, stabilize prints to prevent future damage, and even paint in missing areas of a work.

Carleton E. This print was removed from its mount to remove the stains and then remounted. In Photoshop, you can use a Curves adjustment layer to remove the color cast from an image. Likewise, you can use the Spot Healing Brush tool in Photoshop to spot out specks of dust or dirt on a scanned image.

A conservator might use Japanese papers and wheat-starch paste to carefully repair and rebuild torn paper before finalizing the repair with some skillful in-painting. In Photoshop, you can remove a crease or repair a tear in a scanned image with a few clicks of the Clone Stamp tool.

After digitization, the original print can be safely stored away, while the digital version can be copied or printed for many family members. Often, we first clean or unfold family photographs to safely reveal as much of the original image as possible, and then we repair the remaining discoloration, stains, and tears on the computer after digitization.

The next task is to remove the crease in the photo. The Spot Healing Brush tool quickly removes blemishes and other imperfections. It samples pixels around the retouched area and matches the texture, lighting, transparency, and shading of the sampled pixels to the pixels being healed. Zoom in to see the crease clearly. In the Tools panel, select the Spot Healing Brush tool. Make sure Content-Aware is selected in the options bar.

In the image window, drag the Spot Healing Brush down from the top of the crease. You can probably repair the entire crease with four to six neat downward strokes. Use the scroll bars, or hold down the spacebar to temporarily use the Hand tool.

Zoom in to see the white hair in the upper right area of the image. Then use the Spot Healing Brush to paint over the hair. Zoom out, if necessary, to see the full sky. Then click the Spot Healing Brush wherever there are unwanted spots you want to heal. Save your work so far. In Content-Aware mode, the Patch tool creates nearly seamless blending with the nearby content. In the options bar, choose Content-Aware from the Patch menu. Type 4 into the Structure slider. The Structure menu determines how closely the patch reflects the existing image patterns.

You can choose from 1 to 7, with 1 allowing the loosest adherence to the source structure and 7 requiring the strictest. Drag the Patch tool around the boy and his shadow. You may want to zoom in to see him more clearly. Note The healing and content-aware tools may produce results that still need a small amount of manual touch-up.

Photoshop displays a preview of the content that will replace the boy. Release the mouse button when the patch is positioned where you want it. The selection changes to better match the area around it.

The boy is gone, and where he stood is a section of the bridge wall and of a building. The effect is impressive, but not quite perfect. Using this tool, you can not only remove unwanted objects from your images, but you can also fill in missing areas in photographs you scan from damaged originals.

Tip You may need to set a larger brush size when editing higher resolution images. Make sure that the Aligned option is selected.

Move the Clone Stamp tool to an area where the top of the bridge wall is smooth. Alt-click Windows or Option-click Mac to sample that part of the image as a source point. When you press Alt or Option, the pointer appears as target cross-hairs.

Drag the Clone Stamp tool across the top of the bridge wall in the patched area to even it out, and then release the mouse button. It simply copies pixels from the source point to where you drag, so it may take more manual work to make an edit look good. Each time you click the Clone Stamp tool, it begins again with a new source point, in the same relationship to the tool as the first stroke you made.

That is, if you begin painting farther right, it samples from stone that is farther right than the original source point. Deselect Aligned if you want to start from the same source point each time.